Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. (2) The backbone correlation axes of the three industries show the characteristics of a closed triangular connection, dual-core linkage development, and multi-center multi-axis interaction. 4. Jinchang has a weak foundation for the development of the tertiary industry. ; Kung, H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. The impact of fertilizer application and socio-economic features on surface water quality vary by watershed. Ocean currents. Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. Other city-states that were not on the When air reaches the mountains, it is forced to rise over this barrier. The sensitivity of the streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which dilutes the concentration of diffused pollutants from croplands. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, X.X. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, 2. More frequent and intense drought, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and warming oceans can directly harm animals, destroy the places they live, and wreak havoc on people's livelihoods and communities. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. The Greeks were forced to adapt these characteristics in specific ways. ; methodology, X.X. ; Zhang, X.-B. See further details. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. If you live in the mountains, you're likely to develop a particular culture that adapts to life at a high altitude. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. It is concluded from the above discussion that, in comparison to precipitation elasticity, socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters in both climatic classes. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. Yes. Axis development model construction. This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. The processes that create topography are usually geologic in nature; e.g. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. Culture. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie, Xiaoyi, and Peiji Shi. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. A water pollution control plan should be designed based on both the primary and secondary factors that cause the instability of precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters. What are the differences between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and Miletus? Water quality records were obtained from United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)/Water (www.gemstat.org) apart from for the MurrayDarling River in Australia (www.epa.sa.gov.au). Afed U Khan1,2, Jiping Jiang1,3, Peng Wang1,4 and Yi Zheng3, Published 11 October 2017 Latitude. Multi-point coordinated characteristic development mode. Watershed topography, such as catchment area and slope, is an important element that affects surface waters and basin hydrology [1518]. Table 1. Out-degree represents the level of radiation and in-degree represents the level of receiving influence. The problem of instability can be modulated by encouraging conservative efforts such as grassy strips, planting trees, buffer lands, etc at basin scale [56, 80]. Betweenness centrality (BC) measures the medium function of node connections. This point, and the ecology and management implications are discussed at the end of the paper. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. The urban flow intensity model was used to analyze the outward function of industrial sectors in the urban agglomeration in 2020 (, According to the structural decomposition of the urban flow intensity of specific cities (, The dominant flow method is used to analyze the intensity of the urban flow of the three industries in each city, identify the industrial core backbone connection axis, and obtain the three industries first, second, third, and fourth most dominant flow directions (. The second industry is the JiujiaJinwu dual-core linkage, with Jiujia as the lead and Jiuzhang and Jinwu as the backbone. (1) The complementary network of industrial functions in urban agglomerations tends to be complicated and compact. However, few studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters [19, 20]. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. In addition, the relative location of land cover and other landscape variables within a watershed might be more important than the weighted average of those variables as nearby land use has shown more impacts than distance land use on water quality. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. The polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece. Fukushima et al. ; Chun, Y. Spatial Autocorrelation in Spatial Interactions Models: Geographic Scale and Resolution Implications for Network Resilience and Vulnerability. Res. The negative associations of GDP with P (P, DOC) and P (P, turbidity) may be due to conservative efforts at the catchment and buffer scales due to higher development in the region [60], or it may be a consequence of sedimentation of DOC to particulate organic matters, which reduces the DOC concentration in surface waters [61]. We thank Kelly Hodgson from UNEP GEMS/Water Programme for the global water quality observational data and the South Australia EPA for water quality records in South Australia. The expected outcomes are quantitative and qualitative improvements in human capital (e.g. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. The impact of mean slope on water chemistry varies due to the physical characteristics of the sub-watershed, which includes surficial geology, land use, morphological variables and surficial debris [51, 52]. The analysis indicates that tourism industry keep tight correlation with the economic growth of the global economy while there are so many factors which affect the tourism industry positively and negatively which in the long run or short run affect the global economy of the world negatively and positively. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. "How did geography and topography affect Greek economic, political and social development? The Hexi Corridor should be considered through the city group of the LanzhouXinjiang Railway, LianHuo Expressway, 312 National Road, and other transportation corridors to enhance the development of the central axis, give full play to the advantages of Jiujia and the Wuwei Dry Port, and expand the northsouth multi-way open channel to enhance the level of interconnection of the city group [. Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, and Zhangye, as multicultural heritage clusters, show regional solid competitive advantages and potential in cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities. GDP acted as a stabilizing agent in maintaining CEWQ in both tropical (A) and temperate (C) climate classes, while runoff coefficient, slope and population density fuels the risk of instability in temperate climate class (C). https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie X, Shi P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. The concentration of orthophosphate is highly dependent on point source pollution (phosphorous related industries) rather than watershed characteristics [18]. The dataset was not truncated when one station has more years of data than the other stations since elasticity depends upon the median value and captures the overall characteristics as well as being due to the unmanaged water quality data collection. The vulnerability of karst and caves mechanisms, impacts on Karst and caves are extremely fragile environments and they are affected by specific hazards and impacts, largely related to their We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. Landforms The landforms of a particular area dictate the nature There are serious concerns that water quality impairment (fecal indicator bacteria, nitrogen and phosphorous) due to livestock grazing on public lands threatens human and ecological health [23, 24]. Measurement of the network connectivity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from the perspective of urban flow. The development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to travel. How did the Greeks contribute to democracy? In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without 51509061), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. What role did mountains play in the development of Ancient Greek culture? Li, J.; Qian, Y.; Zeng, J.; Yin, F.; Zhu, L.; Guang, X. Spatial Structure of urban Agglomerations Based on the perspective of flow space: A case study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Topographical features like mountains affect the weather mostly in the way that they direct air currents. Secondly, the sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27] where surface land runoff absorbs heat from the ground surface to elevate the water temperature. The population density for the concerned watersheds was derived from the Gridded Population of the World, version 3 (GPWv3) (0.50.5 latitude/longitude) [32]. Our experts have done a research to get accurate and detailed answers for you. Influence of Geography on Society and Culture Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the four main factors of geography that have influence on society and culture. HSCJ201607). Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. Extractive industry; 3. manufacturing industry; 4. electricity, gas, and water production and supply industries; 5. construction, 6. Conceptualization, X.X. The results implied that watersheds with lower runoff coefficient, thick population density, over fertilization and manure application face a higher risk of instability. The freight volumes of roads and railways come from the annual statistical reports of each citys national economic and social development. It also caused the Greeks to look outside of its peninsula for colonies that possessed soil that could be farmed. ; Liang, C.-B. Liu, H.-Y. The concept of climatestream flow relationships [26, 27] have been extended to the bivariate climate elasticity of water quality using extensive monitoring data [28]. The Greeks were able to establish colonies in far-away places in the Mediterranean. The mean elevation, mean slope, standard deviation of slope, basin area, mean human population density, mean N and P fertilizer, and mean N and P manure for each sub-watershed was extracted using a GIS spatial analyst tool [35]. Climate-induced variations in water quality have driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality parameters to climatic drivers. Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. prior to publication. This would explain the marked contrast between the city-states of Sparta and Athens. The concentration of DOC is higher in the above-stated climatic types, which may be due to higher anthropogenic activity and a high rate of decomposition due to elevated temperature [45]. Water heats and cools more slowly than landmasses. (3) The economic network has a greater agglomeration effect than diffusion effect, with prominent grouping characteristics, forming a network structure of one man, three vices, and many nodes and a significant spatial proximity effect. The most important geographical and topographical features of Greece were its mountainous terrain and its placement as a peninsula in the Mediterranean. Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans. Figure 2. Elevation. The elevated level of NH4+-F concentration in surface waters may be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharges [56, 57] due to favorable cultivation conditions in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate classes. Welcome to Sharing Culture! ; funding acquisition, P.S. eNotes Editorial, 15 Dec. 2015, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-did-geography-topography-affect-greek-economic-110793. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. How does topography affect population distribution? Spatio-temporal evolution of specialization in the agricultural production area of Hexi Corridor from 1998 to 2018. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. Climatic factors such as light, water and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming. Though a majority of the population is engaged in agriculture and rarely shift Publishing, 49.6480.546 (mean slope) 0.140 (STD slope), 51.8200.573 (mean slope) 0.136 (STD slope) + 0.01 (N-fertilizer), 0.032+0.062 (GDP)0.0002 (elevation)+0.002 (area of watershed), 153.236+1.695 (mean slope)+0.286 (STD slope), 89.507+0.482 (mean dlope)5.957 (mean slope), 2.6386.336 (P-manure)+19.366 (P-manure). P-fertilizer has a positive coefficient for P (P, temperature). In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors, we selected the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. How does topography affect human life? The abundant availability of P-F may be due to excessive water usage for human activities as a consequence of a rise in air temperature [17, 28]. While geography played a major role in where civilizations began and where people settle, it has a corresponding effect on the cultures of those people who do settle there. Other city-states that were not on the shoreline, like Sparta in the southwest Peloponnese, relied on slave labor to tend to fields, craft goods, etc. Wu, K.; Fang, C.-L.; Zhao, M.-X. Liu, W.; Cao, Y.; Wu, W.; Guo, J. Spatial impact analysis of trans-Yangtze highway fixed links: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China. Thirdly, it may be attributed to exothermic reactions in the surface waters due to P-fertilizer, which enhances water temperature. Catchment land use is the primary determining factor for regulating the nutrients [16]. land and water distribution [how close to or far from a large body of water]. Nie, X.-Y. Spatial pattern evolution of economic links in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. Policy makers, and watershed and resource managers can take guidance from the developed empirical equations between the CEWQ and the above-mentioned factors for better water quality management of freshwater resources. Sun, Q.-K.; Zhou, L.; Tang, X.-L.; Sun, D.-Q. Xie, X.; Shi, P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. The majority of them are also nutrients leading to eutrophication. In the current study, the principle aim is to uncover the influence of watershed topographic and socio-economic attributes on the climate sensitivity of river water quality based on a global analysis. latitude,temperature,precipitation,topography,and elevation. Wei, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, S.; Sono, D.; Xiu, C. Urban positionality in the regional urban network: Through the lens of alter-based centrality and national-local perspectives. Jiuquan, Zhangye, Wuwei, and Jiayuguan have strong complementary connections among various industrial sectors and a solid industrial foundation. Although many factors combine to influence weather, the four main ones are solar radiation, the amount of which changes with Earth's tilt, orbital distance from the sun and latitude, temperature, air pressure and the abundance of water. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude.
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