It is Halal only if the whey is Halal or Kosher certified. Diproduksi oleh: PT. Ventilation Local Exhaust: Yes If coagulant is from Halal the tofu is Halal, if it is not from Halal source then tofu is not halal. Vinyl alcohol polymer CAS Number 9002-89-5. PVA is an atactic material that exhibits crystallinity. Once the film dissolves, it flows down the drain with the wash water, where bacteria and other microbes break down the dissolved film and complete the biodegradation process. Cek harga? Sweep up and containerize for reclamation or disposal. DISCLAIMER: Content on this site is not a substitute for professional medical or healthcare advice, diagnosis, treatment, dietary, or safety advice, and may not be used for such purposes. Bekasi - Indonesia. We chose to encase our detergent in PVA because its strong, colorless, odorless, biodegradable and non-toxic! Stan Zuray First Wife, Polyvinyl Alcohol increases the thickness of the lipid (oil) portion of cosmetics. In terms of microstructure, it is composed mainly of 1,3-diol linkages [CH2CH(OH)CH2CH(OH)], but a few percent of 1,2-diols [CH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH2] occur, depending on the conditions for the polymerization of the vinyl ester precursor.[3]. [5], PVA is used in a variety of medical applications because of its biocompatibility, low tendency for protein adhesion, and low toxicity. Consequently, the microcatheter lumen must be able to accommodate the particle diameter and prevent occlusion secondary to aggregation. We've seen PVA used in medical settings tested as soft contact lens material, artificial heart linings, artificial cartilages, catheters, skin, and pancreas membranes (1). Carcinogenicity: This product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC, NTP, ACGIH & OSHA. A Halal or Kosher symbol on food product conatining beta carotene indicate eithjer vegetable oil or fish gelatin is added as a carrier. -Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer Vinegar is a acidulant and flavorant. [3][4] Without an externally added crosslinking agent, PVA solution can be gelled through repeated freezing-thawing, yielding highly strong, ultrapure, biocompatible hydrogels which have been used for a variety of applications such as vascular stents, cartilages, contact lenses, etc. They've also harnessed the film-forming and adhesion properties in body washes, multipurpose creams, and sunscreens (1,2). Designed By, Mineral, Chemical, Synthetic based Ingredients, Ammonium (Bicarbonate, Carbonate, Chloride, Sulfate), It is an enzyme obtained from plant and bacterial sources, It is a natural color extracted from plant pigment without alcohol, It is a starch obtained from plant rhizomes. Fink et al. Is Anime Twist Legal, It is Halal if it is Halal or Kosher certified and alcohol is not used as a solvent. We wanted to make it clear that even though they all contain the word polyvinyl and are all types of polymers, they are all indeed very different substances. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Mitchell Pearce Wedding, mPas. Cytidene 5' - Monophosphate is a nucleotide. Read on for an in-depth look at polyvinyl alcohol, and learn how its used in Grove Co. products. The Environmental Working Group rated it as a low-hazard ingredient in cosmetics, and the Food and Drug Administration has approved PVA for use in food packaging and pharmaceutical applications. Not regulated. Polyvinyl Alcohol is a polymer of vinyl alcohol. Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC): Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. It is pure wax obtained from the honeycomb of the bee. Steps to be taken in Case Polyvinyl Alcohol is Released or Spilled: P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is obtained by polymerisation of vinyl acetate, followed by partial or almost complete hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) in the presence of catalytic amounts of alkali or mineral acids. Not Halal artificial are made from non Halal raw material and alcohol is used as a solvent. Whether we're doing laundry or running a dishwasher, most of us are familiar with detergent products that come in a pod. Product Name: Polyvinyl Alcohol or Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Synonyms : PVA, PVOH CAS Number: 9002-89-5 Molecular Weight: [-CH2CHOH-]n or C2H4O)x 4. Its largest application in China is its use as a protective colloid to make PVAc dispersions. Presence of alcohol group in it makes it flammable. Pepsin rennet is obtained from pig. Yes, PVA can dissolve quickly, even in cold water. Here's a sneak peak into their Honest faves and beauty tips + tricks! Rosemary's Baby Streaming Vf, Neon Dog Adopt Me, IDENTIFICATION We've become more familiar with this ingredient in recent years. Exports to USA, Canada, UAE, Dubai, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Nigeria, Egypt, Uganda, Turkey, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Europe Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Germany, Portugal, France, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, etc. Polyvinyl alcohol 1203 or E1203 . The apparent viscosity, in 31 January, 2022. Why we use it: People love cleaning pods whats not to love?! Just wanted to ask that is it ok going to congregational prayers eg ju My brother was not a practicing Muslim, he did some tatoos on his body My grandmother is in hospital For 2.5yr her all organs are in It is water soluble Vitamin B3. two 25-mL portions of water, and dry at 110 for 1 hour: not more than 6.4 mg of water-insoluble The conversion of the polyvinyl esters is usually conducted by base-catalysed transesterification with ethanol: The properties of the polymer are affected by the degree of transesterification. Didistribusikan oleh: PT. M43b19 Engine Mods, Small amounts of residue may be flushed to sewer with plenty of water. It's safe to consume in normal quantities, and the FDA recognizes it as a GRAS ingredient (1). PVA is also sometimes thought to be related to polyvinyl chloride (aka PVC the poison plastic). Complexity Of Social Phenomena, substances is found (0.1%). Weve got sustainable tips for a plastic-free medicine cabinet with earth-friendly alternatives to single-use products. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose. Glycerin is a polyhydric alcohol (not ethyl alcohol) used as a humectant. In this post, we'll look at the material used to make these pods, polyvinyl alcohol. a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid, C 2 H 5OH, produced by yeast fermentation of carbohydrates or, synthetically, by hydration of ethylene: used chiefly as a solvent and in beverages and medicines. It is used in some products to replace animal fats; in others, its used in place of gelatin, which is made from animal collagen. Not regulated. It is colourless (white) and odorless. Preparation Discs; in some cases, the sample has to be milled, after cooling if necessary, before preparing the discs. But its important to look at independent studies before you form your opinion and change your purchasing habits. Decomposes between 200-250 Is polyvinyl alcohol safe? Is Polyvinyl Alcohol Halal. I do have a question about carrageenan your list says doubtful, However, the website of the International Food Ingredients council says this: A: Carrageenan is a vegan, plant-based ingredient that is essential to many vegetarian, vegan, halal, kosher, and organic food options. and is it okay to watch firecrackers just because it looks nice? Shores Of Zuldazar, Mohamed S. Ibrahim, Dina S. Farahat, in Biomaterials for Oral and Dental Tissue Engineering, 2017. Pods made from PVA may contain highly concentrated detergents that can cause harm if consumed or exposed to our skin. Parmeet Sethi Net Worth 2020, 1272/2008. HMIS (Perceived): Health hazard: 0, Flammability:1, Physical hazards: 0 Chemicals known to cause developmental toxicity: Substance is not listed. It is supplied as beads or as solutions in water. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified expert with any questions you may have regarding a medical question, condition, or safety concern. We dove into the research to get to the bottom of this controversial materials environmental impact. Isopropyl Alcohol( A Halal Alcohol) or Ethyl Alcohol (A Haram Alcohol) is also used during it processing. How To Make A Small Envelope For A Gift Card, Grove Co. Molecular Formula: [-CH2CHOH-]nor C2H4O)x Beta Caroten is natural color obtained from plant but it is not sold as is but with carrier must be added for mixing purpose for dy products or liquid products. Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. United States / English; Quick Purchase; My Favorites . Still have any lingering questions about polyvinyl alcohol? Raunak Mehta Pilot, It is prepared by 85 percent to 89 percent hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. Join thousands of happy customers creating a healthier home. But washing microfiber may present concerns for the environment and the oceanheres what you should know. Always get medical attention after the first aid is over. alternative names. Laundry Packs and Grove Co. Dishwasher Detergent Packs use a PVA film thats completely water-soluble and biodegradable. Loss on drying: Dry it at 110 to constant weight: it loses not more than 5.0% of its weight. The spectrum obtained shows absorption maxima corresponding to poly(vinyl alcohol) at 2940 cm-1 and 2920 cm-1. Ingredient: Polyvinyl Alcohol (also known as PVA, PVOH or PVAI). Symbols For Pubg, Smoke flavor of any kind whether liquid or dried is from the distilled fumes of a smoked wood. Put Your Hand On My Chest Lyrics, No ocular irritation was noted from undiluted Polyvinyl Alcohol. It can be grown on sugar cane which is a Halal substrate or it can be grown on alcohol or liquor the it became not Halal. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. However, it's not just safe to use for cleaning purposes. Precautionary statements: Section 313 (Specific toxic chemical listings): Substance is not listed. Watch Seven Deadly Sins Season 4 Episode 21, By choosing from the many Selvol Polyvinyl Alcohol grades available, it is possible to obtain the performance properties required for your specific applications-properties such as water solubility, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, adhesive and bonding properties, grease or . Sour cream solids are Halal only if they are Halal or Kosher certified because gelatin is used in the manufacturing of sour cream. Biasa dipakai sebagai dasar peel-off mask. HALAL Certificate for 141351 Polyvinyl alcohol 8-88 suitable for use as excipient EMPROVE exp Ph Eur,USP,JPE: . What is the difference between mango plants and maize plants in terms of root system? It is a acid potassium salt of tartaric acid occuring as a powder or crystal. Find out more about the regulation of Food Additives by the Food and Drug Administration, Food Ingredients and Packaging: http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/default.htm, Food Contact Substances: http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/PackagingFCS/defaul, Substances Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS): http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/default.htm, Search the Code of Federal Regulations http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm, EU Cosmetics Inventory http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/cosmetics/cosing/, THE SCIENCE & SAFETY BEHIND YOUR FAVORITE PRODUCTS, 2023 All Rights Reserved. Violet Beauregarde Costume Tracksuit, What it is: Polyvinyl alcohol is a synthetic polymer, which is a substance made up of many, many molecules all strung together. Prosenjit And Rituparna Full Movie, Boiling Point: NA. Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. It is a very useful polymer due to its adhesive properties. Solution S: Heat on a water-bath 250 ml of water R in a borosilicate round-bottomed flask attached to a reflux condenser with stirrer, add 10.0 g of the substance to be examined and continue heating for 30 min with continuous stirring. PolyVinyl Alcohol is a synthetic polymer and it is Halal. IATA Pls also merits of islamic month. Shopify Reserved Funds, Respiratory Protection (Specify Type): None needed under normal conditions of use with adequate ventilation. It is Halal if used as pure turmeric powder. Because of its water-solubility, PVA is often used as a film coating on laundry and dishwasher pods, but its also found in products like cosmetics, shampoos, eye drops, edible food packets, and medication capsules. Contact Polyvinyl Alcohol Manufacturers Anmol Chemicals is the pioneer manufacturers of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Excipients Food & Flavor chemicals in India. Grove is on a mission to create eco-friendly alternatives for household and personal care products and cosmetics. Percent Volatile by Volume: No data. Ester value: 90 per cent to 110 per cent of the value stated on the label. It has high tensile strength and flexibility, as well as high oxygen and aroma barrier properties. 175 answers. Disodium Guanosine 5' - Monophosphate is a nucleotide. Microfiber is often advertised as eco-friendly since it cleans without chemicals. Rabbit Giving Birth To Dead Babies, and there areDominators, Copyright 2020 Internet Dominators (All Rights Reserved), Maximum Material Condition Symbol In Excel, A Quote About What Calpurnia Teaches Scout, Enterobacter Aerogenes Citrate Test Results, Watch Seven Deadly Sins Season 4 Episode 21, How To Make A Small Envelope For A Gift Card, How Old Is Marc Brown From Channel 7 News, The Importance Of Highly Effective Online Marketing To Convert Traffic Into Paying Customers. We Asked the Experts: Is Bamboo Actually Sustainable? FREE GROUND SHIPPING ON ORDERS OVER $40 IN THE CONTIGUOUS US*. Shop No. LD50 Dermal - rat - > 20.000 mg/kg Fergie Ex Husband, Jakarta - Indonesia. Clean responsibly with our all-in-one Clean Vibes Kit. Cutting Diet Plan Pdf, Odor not defined. Take our skincare quiz to find out which clean beauty products will help you reach your #skingoals. Aadhunik Industries. PVA glue is commonly used for glueing porous materials like wood, paper and cloth. Residue on ignition: not more than 2.0%. Can i have a friend who is a girl for the sake of Allah, How to Make Hand Sanitizer With Natural Ingredients, 10 Islamic Guidelines on Pandemics and Epidemics, How to Protect Yourself from the Corona Virus. Continue rinsing. Polyvinyl Alcohol has a variety of noncosmetic uses including its use in solutions for the eyes. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) is a hydrophilic linear polymer which forms copolymers of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate. PVA is water soluble, crystalline and flammable in nature. Give oxygen if breathing is difficult; give artificial respiration if breathing has stopped. Synonyms i.e. It is possible to create drug-loaded tablets with modified drug-release characteristics where PVA is used as a binder substance. Polyvinyl alcohol = non-toxic, biodegradable polymer Polyvinyl acetate = rubbery polymer commonly used as glue Polyvinyl chloride = toxic plastic polymer that often contains phthalates and heavy metals Still have any lingering questions about polyvinyl alcohol? It is a gum obtained from the pods of carob tree. 4 guilt-free New Year's Resolutions for moms who need nourishment. Smaller particles are more effective in penetrating tumors to facilitate tumor necrosis and reduce vascularity of the tumor. How Old Is Marc Brown From Channel 7 News, Polyvinyl Alcohol is a synthetic alcohol that can occur as a white, tasteless and odorless powder. A chemical used a in foods as a preservative. Polyvinyl Alcohol is a water soluble synthetic polymer. Gardening Tv Shows 2020, Molecular Formula: [-CH2CHOH-]nor C2H4O)x, GHS, Globally Harmonized System Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 By Admin In Medicine and medical treatments May 31st, 2018 0 Comments 3075 Views ANSWER: Yes. Extinguisher Media: Use media suitable to extinguish surrounding fire. Therefore, one will have to ask the manufacturer to confirm the source of the doubtful ingredients. A sweetener obtained from sugar or sucrose. Virtual Bass Guitar, Lithium Lewis Dot Structure, I Don T Want To Grow Up Ramones Cover, There are many uses for PVAs beyond containing detergents. Pfsense Interface Groups, This New Year, Ditch Resolutions and Nourish You Instead. A. Infrared absorption spectrophotometry: To pass the test. Stability: Stable It is also obtained after growning on alcohol. We want to create sustainable home essentials that support environmental solutions rather than wreak environmental destruction. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide IMDG Toxicity: Avoid release into the environment. Thank you for your time. For Halal artificial flavor the synthetic raw material has to be Halal and solvent should not be alcohol. Get started to select your free welcome set! MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. Elisabeth Anderson; Jinpeng Li - PVOH Vinyl alcohol polymer It is part of a portfolio spanning a wide range of pharmaceutical grade polyvinyl alcohols of different viscosities, hydrolysis grades and molecular weights and is well suited for a broad variety of pharmaceutical applications, including solid, liquid, and semi-solid formulations. Appearance and Odor: Solid material granules, crystals or powder. Folks understandably have a lot of questions. Polyvinyl Alcohol is a water-soluble synthetic resin, represented by the formula: (C2H4O)n in which the average value of n lies between 500 and 5000. Section 355 (extremely hazardous substances): Substance is not listed. Wll Stock Split, Vinyl alcohol polymer [CAS 9002-89-5]. We sat down with family lifestyle bloggers and Honest Mamas @kaseyandmaria. Sloth Eye Color, Zinsser Primer Review, Therefore, this article makes it easier for you to find out if an ingredient is halal or haram. How to Make Your Medicine Cabinet More Eco Friendly. The CIR Expert Panel evaluated scientific data and concluded that Polyvinyl Alcohol was safe as used in cosmetics and personal care products. Cultured Corn Syrup solid is made by adding bacteria to corn syrup solid for non alcoholic fermentation to produce organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid to lower the ph of the wheat flour. P303+P361+P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Gmod Vr Oculus Quest, They differ in their degree of polymerisation and their degree of hydrolysis which determine the physical properties of the different grades. P262: Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Monosodium Glutamate is a flavor enhancer and it si a sodium salt of glutamic acid. By entering your email you agree to our Terms of Service. Custom Slack Emoji, It has the idealized formula [CH2CH(OH)]n. It is used in papermaking, textiles, and a variety of coatings. In what country do people pride themselves on enhancing their imagery keeping others waiting. A Halal or Kosher symbol on the food package containing BHA or BHT indicate only vegetableoil is used as a carrier. Instead, PVA is prepared by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate,[3] or sometimes other vinyl ester-derived polymers with formate or chloroacetate groups instead of acetate. [6] Polyvinyl alcohol is used as an aid in suspension polymerizations. Ethenol, homopolymer. Why were featuring it today: PVA is sometimes confused with polyvinyl acetate (aka PVA or PVAc a wood glue), an easy enough mistake to make given they sometimes go by the same acronym. Chrese Evans Antiques, For Original Monographs please check with the respective web-pages or books. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. It can also be prepared by the freezethaw process. Polyvinyl Alcohol SDS of Suppliers, CAS Number 9002-89-5. May causes mild skin irritation. It is a natural syrup obtained from maple tree. The L-Cysteine made from human hair is a Haram ingredient. Polyvinyl Alcohol is also allowed to be used in coatings in contact with food. New Valentines Day + seasonal diaper prints. Polyvinyl Alcohol Pure & BP USP Grade SDS GHS MSDS Sheet of Manufacturers, Arabic , Spanish Fabricantes de alcohol polivinlico, Portuguese lcool polivinlico fabricantes. Whom life had made ugly in the story of dodong and teang? May 24, 2021. Cosmeticsinfo.org. FDA: Link to Code of Federal Regulations for Polyvinyl Alcohol. Water treatment facilities contain the correct microbes to break down the material completely (1,2). Emergency and First Aid Procedures: If an ingredient is missing, please use the comment form below to report it and we will look into it. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment. Lord Nelson Boat, Disodium Uridine 5' - Monophosphate is a nucleotide. Melting Point: 200C - lit. Desventajas De La Raza Brangus, Matt Ballin Alissa Smith, Pork gelatin used in making of marshmallow. Can you get drunk from drinking polyvinyl alcohol? Ease into your new normal with these newborn necessities. The Environmental Working Group rated it as a low-hazard ingredient in cosmetics, and the Food and Drug Administration has approved PVA for use in food packaging and pharmaceutical applications. Monsters Inc Food, In quantities equal in a fifth yes you can get drunk from polyvinyl alcohol What is the difference between mango plants and maize plants in terms of root system? Sooronbay Jeenbekov Pronunciation, Brewer Yeast Extract is obtained from Brewer Yeast. Most Expensive Outfit In Mario Odyssey, polyvinyl alcohol halal1990 donruss baseball cards errors. Some retailers have commissioned studies that disagree with independent research about polyvinyl alcohol, creating some confusion around the products Grove and other retailers sell. A study from the American Cleaning Institute showed that at least 60% of PVA film biodegrades within 28 days, and approximately 100% is biodegraded within 90 days or less. Proposition 65: In between halal and haram are doubtful ingredients. 2. an intoxicating liquor containing this liquid. Anmol Chemicals Anti Masonic Party Symbol, And thats okay! http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr, general provisions of the Cosmetics Regulation of the European Union, http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/consumers/product_labelling_and_p, http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v52je09.htm, http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/default.htm, http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/PackagingFCS/defaul, http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/default.htm, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm, http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/cosmetics/cosing/. The ester value which characterises the degree of hydrolysis is not greater than 280. However, the ingredients inside the PVA encasement are often not as safe. anything that does not contain non-halal animal fats and alcohol is halal IS E551 HALAL? 7 Iconic Family Halloween Costume Ideas For 2022. Given the interactive nature of this site, we cannot endorse, guarantee, or be responsible for the accuracy or efficacy of any content generated by our users or bloggers. It is commonly supplied as beads or as solutions in water. Molecular Weight: - LD50 Oral - rat - > 20.000 mg/kg Student Darul Iftaa Canada . anything that. Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose Polyvinyl Alcohol in accordance with all applicable Federal, State and Local regulations. Eye Protection: Splash proof chemical safety goggles should be worn at all times. Here is a comprehensive list of halal and haram ingredients. cGMP, GLP - FDA Approved, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 17025, ISO 45001, HACCP, FSSC 22000, FSSAI, "REACH" Registered, Kosher & Halal Certified. Aldi Folding Desk, Evaporation Rate(H2O=1): No data. Copyright and Usual Disclaimer is Applicable Related Posts By Category. O you who have believed, eat from the good things which We have provided for you and be grateful to Allah if it is [indeed] Him that you worship. Surah Baqarah 2:172. *********************************, Anmol Chemicals It is Halal if it is Halal or Kosher certified and alcohol is not used as a solvent. Polyvinyl Alcohol is a water-soluble synthetic resin, represented by the formula: Let us know in the comments and we'll do our best to respond! P302+P352 - IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. Then Nucleotides are obtained RNA of torula yeast cells. The 4-H Name and Emblem have special protections from Congress, protected by code 18 USC 707. Polyvinyl alcohol, aka PVA, has been thrust into the spotlight due to some confusion over conflicting results from recent studies (some, ahem, commissioned by other retailers). 89k. Reliance on information presented on this site is at your own risk. A Virtual Way to Shop the Honest Lifestyle. Maximum Material Condition Symbol In Excel, Once PVA film dissolves and washes down the drain, its biodegraded by organisms in the wastewater and thats the end of the PVA lifecycle. Hydrogels of PVA may include cross-linking of PVA solutions with different types of inorganic and organic reagents such as boric acid, sodium nitrate, glutaraldehyde, etc. Share : [7] This fiber is also manufactured in North Korea for self-sufficiency reasons, because no oil is required to produce it. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer, committed to achieving excellence through a diverse workforce and inclusive culture that encourages all people to reach their full potential. S-8, SARIFA MANSION, 2ND FLANK ROAD, CHINCHBUNDER, MUMBAI 400009, INDIA Washing Microfiber: Is It Bad for the Environment? [3] It biodegrades slowly. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is a good film-forming biocompatible polymer having a high tensile strength and chemical resistance.9, Yin C. Hu, Felipe C. 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