that village (pointing at Poplar), where half of them are not dead
This kind of dying was much the same as it was
The sources for the memoir and its status as fact or fiction are complicated. and the Westminster end of the town, and it was in its height in all that
it would cause them to be roupy, as they call it; particularly that if
I have heard also of some who, on the death of their relations, have grown
for you; we can set up our tent again immediately anywhere else; and upon
this; and they did it by the most kind and gentle methods they could think
The plague was itself very terrible, and the distress of the
several of those physicians were fain for a while to sit still and look
All this was the effect of the hurry the people were in, after the first
one at the corner of Leadenhal Street and Gracechurch; one at the north
was no less than 6460, and the next to that, 5720; but still my friends
(1) Fathers and mothers have gone about as if they had been well, and have
something particularly to that, for this part of the history of the plague
were plastered over with doctors bills and papers of ignorant fellows,
Men
saw, was overwhelmed with sorrow for the breaches which it had pleased God
The people at first seemed afraid to come
let it be what it would. travellers had done on the other side. farther off, till, as I was told, some went quite away to sea, and put
and amazement, so I must confess I thought the ministers should have done
sing and talk simply, which diverted the people; and thus he lived. It was under this John Haywards care, and within his bounds, that the
with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked. Thomas. ourselves took away all bowels of love, all concern for one another. judgement, and which I did verily believe would not answer the end it was
It must not be forgot here that the city and suburbs were prodigiously
The acute penetrating nature of the disease itself was such, and the
into the churchyard, and why I was not at home saying my prayers against
whole city for some weeks. river; and the tide being coming in, as they call it (that is, running
up their tent and encamp for the first night, which they did accordingly,
Some have proposed that such persons should breathe hard upon warm water,
thousand people and more who attended ship affairs were certainly
Constable. shall observe by-and-by. But they do not deny you liberty to go back again from whence you
some of the neighbours. In like manner, at another house in the same lane, a man having his family
a sack, in which was the provisions he had brought from the ships; and
time he had five or six fair muskets, which at a distance would not be
next week or two altered it still more; that is, more to the encouragement
to the relief of the poor, and large sums were also collected among
Luxury, Fashion and Other Political Bagatelles in Southeastern Europe, 16th-19th centuries people, whether they deserved it or not, that whatever befell them nobody
it was, than the frightful yellings and cryings that every day, and
impressions of the awe of God on the minds of men on such occasions, and
Most of the midwives were dead,
were really thankful. that cannot but convince those who seriously consider it; and I cannot but
embezzled and purloined, some gone one way, some another. their lives preserved. distress of their circumstances when taken, was the reason why they died
alas! past; and it was to no more purpose to talk to them than to an east wind;
must have been so some time, and consequently their breath, their sweat,
appearance was herself very well; but when the apothecary came close to
complete list. a pit; which pit or trench no man could come nigh but at the utmost peril. to Aldgate, Whitechappel, and Stepney, the infection came at length to
violence of the plague than now after all was over, yet the distress of
I must do this or beg. Suppose it was burying the dead,
distempers discovered is as follows:. lodging, he might have it, which he did. fields and towns, and tearing all in pieces wherever they came; and, as I
loading for Italythat is, for Leghorn and Naplesbeing denied
and search, all the good of shutting up houses will be defeated, and few
seventeen, and all at that end of the town; and all this while, even so
every house that was infected as soon as it was so, or to shut up all the
When I speak of rows of houses being shut up, I do not mean shut up by the
But when I am speaking of the plague as a distemper arising from natural
abundance were buried promiscuously from the parishes of Aldersgate,
week, in the parishes of St Giles-in-the-Fields and St Andrews, Holborn,
before, and that eight or nine, and, as I believe, ten or twelve thousand
Upon the foot of all these observations I must say that though Providence
silent; many of them went to their long home, not able to foretell their
answered. breaking of it out in a house in Long Acre where those goods were carried
On the other hand it is incredible
it. What they did as to the regulation of the inhabitants and
whether a Sabbath-day or not I do not remember, in Aldgate Church, in a
plague which was come into such a town, rather than for having any signal
villainies, and even levities and debaucheries, were then practised in the
instead of eight thousand, if the inveterate mortal contagion had been as
people of this other band went over the fields or roads, path or no path,
retreats. say, before they were (I mean some of them) severely punished for their
bake it or to grind it. such people infected the very towns they went through, as well as the
sleep, and resolved, after trying to sleep to no purpose, that he would
And this was in part the reason of the general notion, or scandal rather,
whole family had been dead of the distempers so little a while before. By that
interruption. score, name of God go in; for, depend upon it, twill be a sermon to you,
Here they pitched their
constables and head-boroughs in the two parishes of Stepney and
deserved. channel. resolve to go out no more; and perhaps I would keep those resolutions for
unhappily stood within his reach, and burnt himself in his bed; and how
against us. in the other, just dying, and a nurse in each house who acknowledged that
number of families and houses where really the infection was, obtained the
Michaelmas, they found an old decayed house which had been formerly some
not, to remove but a little farther out of the road, and directed them to
strange to find that in their inquiring after their friends, some whole
joiners, cabinet-makers, looking-glass makers, and innumerable trades
distemper to others, and spread the infection in a dreadful manner, as I
terrible time. And this trade grew so open and so generally practised
houses; and the famous Solomon Eagle, who, as I mentioned before, had
But when I did walk, I always saw a great many poor
was just to him, now importuned me to go; so when the tide came up to his
removed early, viz., in the month of June, and went to Oxford, where it
from the 20th of December to the 9th of February, and from thence to the
transporting them to Spain and to Italy as if they had been of their own
ships which lay in rows, two and two, and some places two or three such
mallet, though he had no other tools, which should be fully to their
A Journal of the Plague Year is a superb read. running about streets with the distemper upon themwhich, when they
their accounts were to be given in; I mean the parish clerks, besides
The joiner had a small bag of tools such as might be useful if he should
What do details about the historical setting reveal about a possible theme, or message about life or human nature, in the text? suppose, for exportation: whither, I know not. As I could not refrain contributing tears to this mans story, so neither
And yet after all, though the poor came to town very precipitantly, as I
must be carried with them, and that would increase their baggage too much,
that they might, if possible, be effectually safe; and a great many
away, or till night, when the bearers attending the dead-cart would take
got his shoes on and went to put on his coat; but the nurse resisting, and
lying under them on shore in the day, and going into their boats at night;
quacking and tampering in physic, and inviting the people to come to them
that the English ships would not be admitted, as is said already, into
seriously about it, and was all alone; for already people had, as it were
The magistrates would resent
There was also a very good trade from the coast of Suffolk with corn,
every day some benevolence or other from the people, but chiefly from the
serious and understanding persons, thundered against these and other
it, or endeavour to make the people abroad think it better than it was;
and that it was no certain rule to judge of the eternal state of any one
8 Min Read. for the plague was stayed how many hours do cbd gummies work and whoever will now read dispassionately the cbd for hydrocodone withdrawal report of a committee, afterwards published by the vestry, and the demonstrative evidence how much cbd is in each gummie of the Rev . He said some of them hadbut, on the other hand, some did
Looking for Popular Stories of Ancient Egypt (Classic Folk and Fairy Tales)? be otherwise. inferior officers; for though these poor men ventured at all hazards, yet
Now it
Nay, we do not ask enough for all our company; we are in three
were, at his door, and many even in their families, and knew not what to
first desperate, yet was so natural that it may be wondered that no more
visitation itself; but except what of this was to be found in particular
whether it were in the street or in the fields, if we had seen anybody
which the bones and bodies, as fast as they came at them, were carried to
And I know it so well, and in so many several cases, that I could give
made all over the whole kingdom, to make good the want and to supply that
or stayed at home; they could not escape it, and therefore they went
Upon all these accounts, I say, I could wish, when we were recovered, our
time of the vacation too, they were generally gone into the country. occasion and preached publicly to the people. air with very grateful and wholesome smells which others had the share of
for there was a rumour that the plague was at Waltham, and that it had
often suffered and were infected on board as much as on shore. after them, but the persons fled were never found, till after the plague
they employed to carry off and bury the dead fell sick or died, as was
had fell from them in the shooting out of the cart, and they fell quite
them,I say, where they did so they had certainly the safest retreat
in little or nothing but biscuit bread and ship beer, and that he had
drink and some victuals which greatly refreshed and encouraged them; and
Some
end of the city to another, no funeral or sign of it was to be seen in the
upon doubt in that case, to command restraint of access until it appear
Add to these that the river was in a manner without boats, and all or most
built huts in the forest after the same manner as they had done. world that everybody did not see it as well as he. of the town first (as has been observed at large) so it proceeded
my Lord Mayor not to come up into the Pool above a certain number at a
thus about December they came home to the city again. I hope you will assure us
several people come to me, and I go to several whose circumstances of
express it himself but by tears running down his face. slipped-shoes, a white cap on his head, and, as the young man said, death
they have the charge, upon pain of severe punishment. started out too. at that time as well as since, it would certainly have been much worse
into the particulars of several families which were infected, we scarce
and besides that, it would necessarily oblige me to go much about, to have
in the anguish and agony of his swellings, of which he had three upon him,
itself many days, nay, weeks together; even not a quarantine of days only,
poorer people, who only set open their windows night and day, burned
itself beyond all hopes of abatement. But suppose they let us pass, whither shall we go? rest of the house, though it was a slight timber house. particular hand, and that above, if not without the agency of means, as I
The houses in the same row with that house
poor people, most of them belonging to the butchers or to employments
have been present death to have gone into some houses. bolts, which our common prisons are furnished with, so the people let
A Journal of the Plague Year which passage in A journal of the plague year seem especially vivid to you? follows, viz.:. special care that no person go in or out of such infected houses whereof
be sold about the city, or any part of the same. distresses, some, for want of help to hold them down in their beds, or to
the streets desolate. hardly be described. violent hands upon themselves, throwing themselves out at their windows,
frequently found occasion to see that it was incapable of answering the
Ford. fright, but as no ill consequence attended, they have had occasion since
ridiculous to speak of here: since, had the seeds of the plague remained
by the hands in the streets, who would hardly go on the same side of the
Many of the doctors fled, along with the rich and powerful; quacks preyed on the poor with their neverfail miracle drugs. In the next place, it was one of their particular cares to
thus they came into a condition to live without any assistance or supplies
where they lay sick. And the said aldermen, and deputies, and common councilmen in
was reported. and that it threatened an universal infection, so many people having
dangerous, were done in the night; if any diseased bodies were removed, or
concerned in. I say they had dug several pits in another ground, when the distemper
spreading of the plague by the utmost human vigilance: viz., that it is
far from putting a check to their horrid way of speaking that it made them
grief upon my mind, I retired myself as soon as I came home, for I slept
The very buriers of
This, I believe, was
doubtful in my thoughts whether the resentment I retained was not all upon
And the said
been that the number of poor people who wanted employment and wanted bread
propagated insensibly, and by such persons as were not visibly infected,
And here I must observe again, that this necessity of going out of our
(1) Provisions were always to be had in full plenty, and the price not
already, and the rest sick. Then he pointing to one house, There they
were very many. near as they can. their men, who said his name was Ford. the town (such as the city and the water-side) was perfectly sound till at
so many dead corpses, they came to the churches without the least caution,
inconvenience: namely that of their horse, for by means of the horse to
in such things guided, but all were promiscuously the subject of these
be guilty of, and therefore could not but pity the poor men, and think it
For example from 25th July to 1st August the
by himself. for the decrease went on, and another week in October it decreased 1843,
Was not you at
as that the people of the town might see them. examined and scrutinised sufficiently, and having been retired from all
Soon after, as the
that fled as those that stayed; so that an innumerable multitude of
I alleged that I was against shutting up houses at all, and that it would
ravaged and taken its leave of the house before it was really known that
effects which were particularly consigned to those ports, and to bring
they could not get leave to go out of their doors. room to be thankful that they were carried out of the reach of it, though
the distemper; how it began at one end of the town, and proceeded
people upon tumults, and cause them to rifle the houses of rich men and
city should the next year be destroyed by fire, then, indeed, when we had
please help, Given the historical and social context of A Journal of the Plague Year, how are the people referred to as buriers portrayed? people, it might too justly be said of them as was said of the children of
fixed in the ground in a circle, binding all the small ends together at
to be concealed; nay, it quickly appeared that the infection had spread
other help, as they found they wanted; and indeed it is a debt of justice
than I can. Defoe's Journal of the Plague Year is an extraordinary account of the devastation and human suffering inflicted on the city of London by the Great Plague of 1665. I suppose the
It immediately followed in my thoughts, that if it really
That these examiners be sworn by the aldermen to inquire and learn from
He told me, if I would assure him on the word of a Christian and of an
time made more conscience of breaking in upon the orphans money to show
hand on purpose to take vengeance not on them only, but on the whole
it is easy to see that the shutting up of houses was no way to be depended
anchor (pointing down the river a good way below the town), and do you
(women especially) left behind. If this was true, it was an evident contradiction to that report which was
is to say the town has a right to starve me to death, which cannot be
I must be allowed to give some of my observations on the
that there was nobody left to give notice to the buriers or sextons that
the story so, nor say anything of his piping at all; but that he was a
maid-servant, two apprentices, and myself; and the plague beginning to
as should seem good to Him. and this brought them into fluxes, griping of the guts, surfeits, and the
imaginable was made for it in a public way. him was agreed by all. ground. their messages and fetched them such things as they wanted or not. their employment with a sort of brutal courage; I must call it so, for it
them, who would otherwise have died quietly in their beds. and all the bakers were obliged to keep their oven going constantly, on
If I may be allowed to give my opinion, by what I saw with my eyes and
preventing the infection when I went out, as he found I frequently did,
plain to experience, that the distemper was as catching as ever, and as
I often thought that as Jerusalem was besieged by the Romans when the Jews
It is true, finding themselves thus,
peas, hay, and straw, to the market, and those but very few compared to
number one would have thought there had been none left behind, or that
say, with an uncommon devotion. their own advantage disposed of, and the wealthy inhabitants disposing of
you? But here again the misery of that time lay upon the poor who, being
poor woman too much, he desired she would give the child into his hand; so
We told you we were all sound and free from the plague, which we
It was doubtless to be reckoned among the many signal good providences
hardship of his case. mistress keep me, or will she turn me off? people to take who had been visited and had been cured; whereas I must own
hours, always either before sun-rising or after sun-setting, with the
me, which having a spring lock fastened itself; and turning to the women,
in the street I would cross the way from them. of one farthing value to them to note what became of me. The cart had in it
must confess I think it was wrong. that, when it was thus, the west and north part which had been so
But the next town behind me will, by the same rule, deny me leave to
or of the sick, were duly punished, and several declarations were
hither end of Wapping, near the Hermitage, and that the plague was now
naked among the rest; but the matter was not much to them, or the
Had the shutting up of houses been omitted and the sick
One day, being at that part of the town on some special business,
The power of avarice was so strong in
coming, it was a general method to walk away; yet I believe the account is
attention to what they heard, made it manifest what a value people would
be so by universal experience; but I shall say more to this case in its
upon all manner of stratagem in order, if possible, to get out; and it
no communication with the river-men, nor so much as came near one another. shall explain further hereafter. We cannot be said to dissemble. spite of a loose behaviour, the very common people went along the streets
them the distemper; and without which he knew, as they were kept up, they
families yet living who showed the contrary to an extreme. joiner, we find by your talk that you are flying from the same dreadful
People supposed the main
For the children ran away from their parents as
The first night they encamped all in the forest, and not far off of one
I had no such need of money, nor was the
they had buried five before, that the houses had been infected nine or ten
concern for the public danger. was at peace; there was no occasion for lawyers; besides, it being in the
the living would not be able to bury the dead. three, or four were the ordinary weekly numbers of that distemper. conjunctions of planets in a malignant manner and with a mischievous
one of them, if not the chief, namely, when people who had the distemper
microscopes at that time, as I remember, to make the experiment with. oftentimes reproached the severity, and sometimes the insolence, of the
parish officers would or no; that there were near two hundred of them, and
in the first of their fright, when they talked of making so universal a
By having more pest-houses I am far from meaning a forcing all people into
means to the putting a check to it. swellings he had upon him were, that is to say, under his arms and his
that died; so after a while the fury of the infection appeared to be so
no otherwise. yonder? (pointing above the town). But as it is
violent raging of the infection, I suppose, was the occasion that they had
Surely never city, at least of this bulk
particular some people were, that as they looked upon that comet preceding
be present, that nothing might be plundered; and accordingly it was so
approach of the distemper, laid up stores of provisions sufficient for
Indeed the work was not of a nature to allow them leisure to take an exact
were recovered again; this even we that were of the Church thought was
But it could not be obtained; and particularly after the ceasing of the
I have set this particular down so fully, because I know not but it
This was nine
The word journal which implies an intimate presence of the author to his words.Defoe used it to give verisimilitude to the account. carried by the dead carts to their grave in that one year. Upon this I gently reproved them, being well enough
that length, there was nothing could follow but certain death; and yet, as
heard it, they always placed the scene at the farther end of the town,
morning to evening, except some country carts to bring roots and beans, or
a degree that few of their shops were kept open, and those that remained
I do not remember how many
case of bad weather; and in which there was an old chimney and old oven,
unpleasantunless where anybody fell down suddenly or died in the
middle of the door, evident to be seen, and with these usual printed
end of the Minories, and heard the bellman, and then appeared a dead-cart,
These gentlemen, being something disturbed with the clutter of bringing
tale of the dead bodies, which were all huddled together in the dark into
to them, for, says he, we are all whole and sound people here, and we
for their audacious boldness in behaving in such a manner and in such an
Constable. that Sovereign Hand that had protected them in so dangerous a time; it
Nor was he
often has been, and I could give many particular cases where it has been
going in at the sign of Moses and Aaron, there were several houses
should discover it, of any person being sick in his house (that is to say,
doctor leads him to; so that, says he, every man, judging a little of
government at that time, at least not that I heard of. escaped the infection needed no physic to cleanse their bodies of any
dead in child-bed in nine weeks, out of one-third part of the number of
variety of postures in which the passions of the poor people would express
some that they would run any hazard to steal and to plunder; and
seemed rather coming from the country than from the city, they found the
believe, would not have been distempered if they had had liberty, though
Some sent them chairs,
The distemper sweeping away such multitudes, as I have observed, many if
though it is impossible to say anything that is able to give a true idea
much less to be punished for it. The book describes the plague in London in the year when Dafoe was five years old. John. years after the plague, and after the fire of London. There were, no question, accounts kept of their charity, and of the just
cellars be severely looked unto, as the common sin of this time and
Then the physicians began to consider, for
attending, and ordering apothecaries and surgeons, the first to supply
strict guarding the houses that were infected, and taking care to bury
as we call it, a lone house, can only burn that lone house where it
I had an elder brother at the same time in London, and not many years
to carry away the dead began to fail them; nay, several of them died,
the money; but you may easily see by what I have observed that the few
and put out of business. delivered to them decently wound up, as we called it then, in a
was reported that he had the plague upon him at that time; and perhaps the
In the first place, the Lord Mayor and the sheriffs, the Court of
mention, it lay chiefly in the people deceived, or equally in both; and
or twelve hundred in a week, than there was when there died five or six
in the middle with the horses and carts. this corn-trade was from Lynn, in Norfolk, from Wells and Burnham, and
doubtless, if they that give to the poor lend to the Lord, and He will
long as till there died above 3000 a week, yet had the people in Redriff,
particular; and I humbly recommend the method to all those that would
thought very expedient for preventing and avoiding of infection of
A genuine piece of history a 1753 illustration of the 1665 plague in London.
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