The most famous among them was Thomas Nast (1840-1902), a caricaturist of German descent and godfather of the American cartoon. Copyright 2023 Golden Peak Media. Both Frank Leslies and Harpers Weekly, where Nast later made his name, were illustrated weeklies. Probably not, but he is the one remembered in history. When asked to paint some of his works, Nast chose the iconic red and white colours we . For younger children, you could draw the design for them and allow them to colour in the Santa drawing themselves. This change is often mistakenly attributed to the work of Haddon Sundblom, who drew images of Santa in advertising for the Coca-Cola Company since 1931. What Are Jan Van Eycks Most Famous Paintings? Christmas Bonanza: Everything You Need To Know About Christmas, The Surprising Truth: Christians Once Banned Christmas, Can Tech Help Santa Deliver the Goods? Nast first drew Santa Claus for the 1862 Christmas season Harpers Weekly cover and center-fold illustration to memorialize the family sacrifices of the Union during the early and, for the north, darkest days of the Civil War. A German immigrant to the United States, Thomas Nast (1840-1902) is best known for his illustrations and cartoons that were published in Harper's Weekly's Journal of Civilization.Nast is most associated with his depictions of "Boss Tweed" and "Santa Claus" and for his development and popularization of the donkey and elephant as political party symbols. His image, which included elements from the 1823 poem "A Visit From St. Nicholas" and the cartoonist's German . The former Bishop Nicholas, deprived of his miter and cross, was completely unrecognizable as a jolly grandfather with a long white beard. Meanwhile in England, where he was known as Old Father Christmas no doubt inspired by the Scandinavian god Odin Santa Claus was often dressed in green, and wore a holly crown over his head. n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; The cult of St. Nicholas had died in Europe with the Protestant Reformation except in the Netherlands, where, on December 5 of each year, the eve of his feast day, Dutch children would set out their shoes in hopes that . s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', Later images even showed him interacting with children. Her primary interests are American art, particularly 19th-century painting, and medieval European art and architecture. (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.). Why did Nast draw Santa? In this poem inspired by the folk legends of the German, Dutch and Norwegian communities settled in the United States, one no longer recognizes the austere Bishop of Myra! The current depiction of Santa Claus is based on images drawn by cartoonist Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly beginning in 1863. During the Civil War, a Nast drawing from 1862 depicted Nicholas as a peddler wearing the colors of the American flag; published on the cover of Harper's Weekly, he became the hero of the Unionists (anti-slavery Yankees). In 1875, Louis Prang, the father of the American Christmas card, printed a series of postcards with a Santa Claus in a red costume. Before the CocaCola Santa was even created, St Nick had appeared in numerous illustrations and written descriptions wearing a scarlet coat. His January 3, 1863 cover depicted Santa Claus handing out presents to Union soldiers. Nast said he based his Santa on a German version of Saint Nicholas, Pelze-Nicol. He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf.. Nast would complete Nicholas-Santa Clauss transformation for Harpers Weekly magazine: Between 1862 and 1886, Nast created thirty-three Santa Claus drawings. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 A.D. in Patara, near Myra in modern-day Turkey. He created a modern version of Santa Claus (based on the traditional German figures of Sankt Nikolaus and Weihnachtsmann) and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party (GOP). They had five children, Julia, Thomas, Jr., Edith, Mabel, and Cyril. Although they sometimes contained coded political elements, they most often focused on childhood, sentimentality, and the importance of family. Born . Du Bois in Paris. Nast didn't invent fat Santa out of whole cloth, though, and may have modeled his depiction after the titular character of "A Visit from St. Nicholas" ("Twas the Night Before Christmas . Thomas Nast built upon this 19th-century persona when he began drawing Santa for Harpers Weekly. With the outbreak of the American Civil War, Nast vigorously supported the cause of the Union and opposed slavery from his drawing board at Harpers Weekly. In Germany, where the Reformation led by the monk Martin Luther banned saint worship, Nicholas was replaced by ChristKindl (Christ Child). Abolitionist cartoonist Thomas Nast had a big role in manufacturing the US version of the Christmas patriarch. Nast's depiction of Santa brought home the loneliness of war, the sadness of soldiers on the front, and the worry and heartache suffered by those at home. The story of Santa Claus stems from a real man who started out as a monk and became the patron saint of children. Did he invent the costumes red color? Nast gives higher purpose to the horror of war in his multi-part depiction of the past lives of African Americans and the future Emancipation could bring them. Credit: Courtesy: Harvard College Library, Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! While the roots of the Santa story go back hundreds of years it is undeniable that the soft drink companys advertising campaigns around the Christmas holidays embedded their image of Santa firmly in the nations imagination. A few years later, in December 1823, Clement Clark Moore, a professor at New Yorks Episcopalian seminary, published a poem intended for his own children called Twas the Night Before Christmas in The Sentinel, a New York state newspaper. Despite his important role in shaping the modern image of Santa Claus, Nast was not the only artist to depict the figure during this time. Sundbloms last ad for the company was painted in 1964. "This Is a White Man's Government.". The legend of Santa Claus can be traced back hundreds of years to a monk named St. Nicholas. Nast continued to draw Santa for 30 years, changing the color of his coat from tan to the red hes known for today. This Santa is a rather generic bearded old man, seen from the side in a star-spangled jacket. Santa Claus speaking to a child on the telephone, based on a Thomas Nast illustration. Its widely believed that todays Santa wears a red suit because thats the colour associated with CocaCola, but this isnt the case. Thomas Nast To accomplish the desired level of realism, Sundblom hired his affable friend and neighbor Lou Prentiss to model. For the next 30 years Nast continued to draw Santa changing the color of his coat from tan to the red hes known for today. These immigrants, founders of Nieuw Amsterdam (the future New York), introduced Sinterklaas in their new homeland. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Thomas Nast and Santa Claus. She runs her own website, A Scholarly Skater, is a regular contributor to DailyArt Magazine, and has written two online courses. "Thomas Nast has been our best recruiting sergeant," he said. By 1885 Nasts disagreements with the editors of Harpers Weekly were becoming increasingly frequent; his last Harpers cartoon appeared in 1886. IsThisProtecting Life, Liberty, or Property? March 23, 1867 Unsurprisingly, the drawings from the Civil War often fell solidly in the realm of propaganda; Nast staunchly supported abolition, civil rights and the Republicans. Zora Neale Hurston: Claiming a Space (espaol). Her paintings remain popular in Sweden today, where they are reprinted every year. Emancipation of Negroes, The Past and the Future. His cult began in Northern Europe at the time of the Crusades, particularly in Lorraine, of which he became the patron saint in the Middle Ages. His wife and children made cameo appearances, and their Morristown home often served as the backdrop. Please confirm you want to block this member. Over the next several years, Nast continued to draw Santa Claus in various cartoons and illustrations for Harpers Weekly. During the Civil War, a Nast drawing from 1862 depicted Nicholas as a peddler wearing the colors of the American flag; published on the cover of Harpers Weekly, he became the hero of the Unionists (anti-slavery Yankees). Our Sites: WetCanvas | Southwest Art | Collector's Guide. Nast makes it clear that Santa supports the Union, not the Confederacy. Boss Tweed operated with impunityuntil he got under the skin of a 30-year-old political cartoonist named Thomas Nast. It shows a Santa in an egg-shaped profile, turning towards the viewer and carrying an armful of toys. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The Dwarf and the Giant Thief by Thomas Nast, The Hudson River School: American Art and Early Environmentalism, The Classical Elegance of Beaux-Arts Architecture. Like many Northerners, Nast supported President Lincoln, and he made his reputation by championing the Union's cause and the dignity of black people. Nasts Santa Claus lives on into the present day. Pre Janvier, Father Christmas, Christkindl, Santa Claus Whatever name you happen to give him, Santa and his origins still spur controversy. The depictions are so similar that some Americans think the Coca Cola Company actually invented Santa. The cult of Saint Nicholas did not escape Europes religious upheavals. Beginning in1860's, Mr. Nast drew pictures of Santa Claus for an American publication called Harper's Weekly. For many of us, the bearded present-giver in the red suit remains a time-honored part of the holiday season, long after were stopped believing hell have a present for us. Doing his first sketches as a teenager, he became a staff illustrator for Harpers Weekly, one of the most popular magazines of the day, in 1862. cartoonist Thomas Nast In 1931, Coca-Cola decided to broaden its market to children. The clever Coke advertisers hired American artist Haddon Sundblom (1899-1976) to create a Santa Claus who would appear as an actual person, not a myth, magician, or an impersonator wearing a fake beard and a padded suit. t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; No. His other Christmas illustrations showed children writing Santa letters, tracking his route, and even calling him on the telephone. STREAM LIVE GAMES, AND MORE * Watch NESN and NESN+ from any mobile device * Live-streaming coverage of every Red Sox and Bruins game * Access to Red Sox and Bruins postgame analysis & . We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Why did Nast draw Santa? Where did he come from, why does he do it, and how does he accomplish this seemingly impossible task? The following year, the writer George Webster revived Nasts idea, noting that Santa Claus toy factory and home were buried in the snows of the North Pole the rest of the year. What are the four main categories used to develop a narrative? What does coarsened facial features mean? The organized violenceof the Ku Klux Klan and the White League made life "worse than slavery" for Southern blacks. A year later, the company chose an image of Santa designed by Haddon Sundblom to appear in a widespread magazine ad campaign . ' Rare green comet not seen since the Stone Age will zoom overhead tonight. The saint appears in the dreams of a sleeping sailors and expresses the wish to see the Dutch immigrants settle and build a city on the island of Manna-hata (Manhattan). NTS is an online radio station based in London with studios in Los Angeles, Shanghai and Manchester. This image pairs holiday sentiment with political messaging. For inspiration Sundblom turned to Clement Clark Moores 1822 poemA Visit From St. Nicholas, commonly known asTwas the Night Before Christmas. March 14, 1874 Thomas Nast (1840-1902) Thomas Nast immigrated to America from Landau, Germany when he was five years old. In the pastSanta Claus was presented in various ways butNast conceived and introduced our modern image of Santa Claus. Over the years, he portrayed Santa making toys, separating the naughty children from the nice, stealthily delivering presents, and more. Hurston, quien tambin se haba formado como antroploga, recopil el folclore del Sur de Estados Unidos y del Caribe, recuperando, honrando y celebrando la vida de la poblacin negra en sus propios trminos. The History and Legend of Santa Claus. Also a trained anthropologist, Hurston collected folklore throughout the South and Caribbean reclaiming, honoring and celebrating Black life on its own terms. Its better known today by its opening lines Twas the Night Before Christmas. Saint Nicholas, or Sinterklaas by his Dutch name, is their ships figurehead, protecting them from the storm. Historians set his birth at between 250 and 270 in Lycia, present-day southwestern Turkey, and estimate that he became the Bishop of Myra around 315. fbq('init', '271837786641409'); "Without Thomas Nast, our vision of Santa Claus might be very different. And in the left corner he is shown climbing down a chimney. That pagan figure appeared in numerous Victorian images. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The bag would become an integral part of our image of Santa, and it was first introduced in this 1863 Thomas Nast illustration. In 1860 he went to England for the New York Illustrated News and in the same year went to Italy to cover Giuseppe Garibaldis revolt for The Illustrated London News and American publications. The poem was A Visit from Saint Nicholas which began, "Twas the night before Christmas.". Many of Nasts most effective cartoons, such as his Tammany Tiger Loose and Group of Vultures Waiting for the Storm to Blow Over (both 1871), were virulent attacks on New Yorks Tammany Hall political machine led by Boss Tweed. An American artist named Thomas Nast also played a part in creating Santa Claus. Her paintings remain popular in Sweden today, where they are reprinted every year. By telling the humorous story of the founding of New York, Washington Irving was the first to make the literary transition from Saint Nicholas to Santa Claus. A political cartoonist who originated the familar symbols of the Republican elephant and Democratic donkey [above from a post-war edition of Harper's Weekly showing a rampaging elephant heading blindly over a cliff while the donkey becomes the proverbial *** in a lion's skin], Nast is thought to have been the first artist . In addition to his first cartoon showing Santa visiting soldiers, a famous image from 1881 is sometimes credited as one of the most influential portraits of the magical man.
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